Author: voctn

“How to Mourn the End of Summer: Embrace the Transition”

As the warmth of summer begins to wane, it comes to an end, slowly at first and then suddenly. Beach chairs scattered along sandy shores are now folded and stowed away. Kayaks, which used to be a staple of summer adventures, are now put back in the garage. Impromptu camping trips and lazy afternoons slowly become memories. The end of the season often brings with it a sense of loss, a feeling that something has slipped through our fingers.

The concept of mourning the end of summer may seem like a minor matter compared to more traditional forms of grieving, such as the death of a loved one or the end of an important relationship. Still, this change can stir up deep emotions, and it is worth exploring how we can meaningfully acknowledge and cope with this change.

Minding Loss
Loss is a deeply personal experience. While society often emphasizes moving on quickly, returning to work, and resuming daily routines, this approach can overlook the value of fully experiencing and reflecting on our feelings. The end of summer, like any other conclusion, can stir up a deep sense of missed opportunities and unfulfilled moments.

The American cultural norm encourages us to quickly forget our losses, whether they relate to a season, a relationship, or a personal goal. This notion of “getting over it” and moving on is deeply rooted, suggesting that we should simply get back to “normal” and leave our grief behind. But what if we allowed ourselves to pause, reflect, and grieve?

The Validity of Personal Grief

Mourning the end of summer may seem trivial compared to grieving the loss of a loved one or a major life change. However, the significance of a loss is not always measured by its size or visibility. If the end of summer holds emotional weight for you, if it represents missed opportunities or a change in your self-perception, that feeling is valid. It is not to be judged or minimized by others.

For many, summer symbolizes a sense of freedom and possibility. It is a time of relaxation and adventure, a break from routine that offers new experiences and fond memories. When it is over, it can feel like a part of us has been left behind, making it important to recognize and honor those feelings.

Finding meaning in reflection
When facing loss, one of the most beneficial exercises is reflection. As summer is coming to an end, I found myself returning to an old habit of mine: journaling. Writing about recent experiences has helped me understand my feelings and reflect on what has been meaningful.

I’ve recorded various moments from this summer: a quiet morning walk on Stinson Beach in California, watching professional bull riding in Cheyenne, and a magical encounter with fireflies on a late-night walk. These reflections are not just a record of what I did; they are a way to understand what those experiences meant to me and how they shape my sense of self.

Journaling and reflecting on past experiences helps us understand our values ​​and guide our future choices. This practice is consistent with the Buddhist concept of the “process of creation,” where our actions and reflections shape our future. Rather than simply moving on from a loss, looking at our past experiences can help us create a more meaningful future.

The universality of grief
Everyone experiences loss, whether it’s a significant event or something more subtle. The poet Mary Oliver wrote, “There is always too much grief, / for each of us / to carry a burden of heart on the dusty road.” A 2019 survey showed that more than 70 percent of Americans had grieved a life event in the past three years. This includes losses such as the death of a loved one, the end of a relationship, or the loss of a job. Smaller grief, such as the end of a favorite season or the loss of a beloved object, also contribute to our emotional landscape.

Recognizing the pervasiveness of loss in our lives can promote empathy and understanding. It reminds us that everyone is dealing with their own kind of grief, making it important to treat others with kindness and compassion.

The Power of Reflection
Often, we underestimate the importance of revisiting our past experiences. A Harvard Business School study asked college students to create “time capsules” containing reflections on recent experiences. The students initially anticipated that they would have no interest in rereading these capsules. However, three months later, they found that the capsules were far more interesting and meaningful than they expected. This suggests that we often fail to understand the importance of reflecting on our past.

Reflecting on what has come before us can ease worries and provide clarity. Shakespeare captured this idea in “Macbeth,” where he wrote, “The grief that speaks not / Whims the full heart and breaks it.” By giving voice to our grief and reflecting on our experiences, we allow ourselves to process our emotions more fully.

“Trump Campaign’s Controversial Use of Arlington Cemetery Sparks Backlash”

Political campaigns are often fraught with controversy, but there are certain boundaries that candidates, historically, have been hesitant to cross. Arlington National Cemetery, a sacred place for many, where countless soldiers are buried, is one of those boundaries. However, a recent incident involving former President Donald J. Trump has challenged long-standing norms about how politicians engage with this revered site.

A troubling history of politicizing sacred ground:

Politicians, regardless of party affiliation, have sometimes crossed the line in using Arlington National Cemetery as a backdrop for a political message. One notable incident occurred in November 1999, when Senator John McCain, then the Republican presidential nominee, used footage of himself solemnly walking into Arlington in a campaign ad. It didn’t take long before the military pointed out that his campaign had not obtained the necessary permission to film on these hallowed grounds, insisting that Arlington was no place for partisan activities. McCain, known for his service as a Navy pilot and his reputation as a Vietnam War hero, immediately recognized the mistake. The campaign promptly removed the footage, and McCain publicly acknowledged the mistake, regretting the decision.

Trump’s different approach: Confrontation over reconciliation:

Fast forward to the present day, and a similar situation unfolded, but with a dramatically different outcome. During a recent visit to Arlington National Cemetery, Donald Trump’s campaign was reported to have filmed in a restricted area without permission. According to the military, such permission would never have been granted, as it would have violated federal law prohibiting partisan activities on military grounds.

Rather than following the path of candidates before him, who immediately corrected their course, Trump’s campaign took a confrontational approach. The military issued a rare public rebuke to Trump campaign officials for their conduct, specifically for allegedly shoving a cemetery worker who tried to stop the filming. Instead of admitting fault or apologizing, the campaign responded by criticizing the cemetery worker, accusing him of experiencing a “mental health episode.”

The fallout: A clash of norms and values:

The Trump campaign’s response has shocked people, not only for its disregard for rules but also for its apparent departure from the way previous candidates have handled similar situations. Other politicians who find themselves in similar situations — such as John Bel Edwards in 2015 — have quickly changed tack when faced with backlash. Edwards, a Democrat running for governor in Louisiana, removed an image of Arlington from a campaign ad after a grieving mother expressed discomfort at seeing the cemetery being used for political gain.

In contrast, Trump’s team has placed controversial images online, including photos and video of the former president laying flowers and giving a thumbs-up near the graves of Marines killed during the withdrawal from Afghanistan. The footage also showed other graves, including the grave of a Green Beret who committed suicide, further fueling criticism.

History of defiance: Trump and military criticisms:

Trump’s handling of the incident is consistent with his broader history of challenging political norms, particularly those related to the military. During the 2016 presidential election campaign, Trump suggested that John McCain was not a war hero because he was captured in Vietnam, a statement that sparked widespread outrage. “I like people who weren’t captured,” Trump said at the time, dismissing McCain’s five-and-a-half-year sentence as a prisoner of war.

Trump’s interactions with veterans and their families have also sparked further controversy. In 2016, he criticized the parents of a Muslim soldier killed in Iraq who spoke at the Democratic National Convention. In 2017, he reportedly told the widow of a soldier killed in Niger that her husband “knew what he signed up for,” a comment that was widely condemned as insensitive. His former chief of staff, John F. Kelly, confirmed in 2023 that Trump had privately referred to American soldiers killed in combat as “losers” and “idiots” — a claim Trump has denied.

Expert opinion: Unprecedented territory in civil-military relations:

Political science experts such as Duke University’s Peter D. Feaver say political entanglements with the military are nothing new, but Trump’s approach in this particular case is unprecedented. Normally, when politicians get caught in such situations, they apologize or clarify misunderstandings. However, the Trump campaign’s decision to “double down” on its actions even after the military publicly called them out represents a new low in civil-military relations.

“Afghanistan: A New Hub for Terrorism Under Taliban Rule”

Three years have passed since the United States withdrew its forces from Afghanistan, ending its two-decade-long involvement in what came to be known as the global war on terrorism. The war cost the lives of more than 6,200 American soldiers and contractors, more than 1,100 allied troops, 70,000 Afghan military and police personnel, and more than 46,300 Afghan civilians. Yet, despite the heavy cost, Afghanistan has once again become a “hotbed of terrorism,” a frightening term used by former Afghan Lieutenant General Sami Sadat to describe the current state of the country.

Sadat, a former high-ranking officer who served for nearly two decades in the Afghan military, argues that the Taliban’s control over Afghanistan has led to the resurgence of terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda. In a recent interview, Sadat emphasized that the situation is far worse than many people understand. Despite US claims that al-Qaeda is no longer a major threat, Sadat suggests the opposite is true. “There are 50,000 al-Qaeda members and al-Qaeda affiliates in Afghanistan,” he said, adding that many are training for overseas operations since the US military withdrawal.

Afghanistan’s new reality: Terrorism resurgence under Taliban rule

Since the Taliban retook Afghanistan in August 2021, the country has experienced a rapid deterioration in its security environment. Al-Qaeda, which was considered significantly weakened after the 9/11 attacks and the US invasion, has regrouped and built a new stronghold in Afghanistan. Sadat’s claim that al-Qaeda now operates at least a dozen training camps in Afghanistan coincides with reports that suggest the group is growing stronger and more organized than it was before 9/11.

The withdrawal of American and allied forces provided al-Qaeda with an opportunity to reestablish itself, and Afghanistan quickly became its most important hub. Allowing the Taliban to retake Afghanistan provided al-Qaeda with a powerful rallying call, Sadat writes in his recently published book “The Last Commander: The Once and Future Battle for Afghanistan.” He argues that the group has not only survived but also adapted to the changing geopolitical landscape while the U.S. and its allies were distracted by other global conflicts, waiting for the right time to reemerge.

A New Era of Terrorism: The Role of State Sponsors

One notable difference between the al-Qaeda of the late 1990s and today’s iteration is its new nation-state support. While the 9/11 Commission reported there was no solid evidence of al-Qaeda receiving direct funding from foreign governments before the attacks in 2001, recent developments paint a different picture. According to Sadat and other intelligence experts, countries like Iran have played a key role in sheltering and supporting terrorist organizations, including al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Former US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo revealed in a January 2021 speech that “al-Qaeda has a new haven: it is the Islamic Republic of Iran.” The assassination of al-Qaeda leader Abu Muhammad al-Masri in Tehran bolstered this claim. Al-Masri’s presence in Iran raised questions about the relationship between the Sunni terrorist organization and the Shia-dominated nation, which have historically been opposed to each other. However, this new alliance reflects a pragmatic shift in strategy. Both groups have a common enemy: the United States and its Western allies.

Reports also suggest that Iran has been aiding the Taliban for years, providing arms and financial support to fight US forces and their Afghan allies. This cooperation has grown even more since the US exit from Afghanistan, with meetings reportedly taking place between high-level officials from Iran, al-Qaeda and the Taliban to discuss strategies for future operations.

Global implications of the resurgence of terrorist activities in Afghanistan
The implications of the resurgence of terrorist activities in Afghanistan under Taliban rule extend far beyond its borders. The country has once again become a training ground for terrorists who could target Western countries. While US intelligence agencies have assessed that al-Qaeda does not currently have the capability to launch long-range attacks, Saadat and other security experts disagree, arguing that the group’s intent and capability should not be underestimated.

An important change in the post-US withdrawal era is closer cooperation between various extremist groups in the Middle East. Saadat points to an evolving alliance between Shia and Sunni factions, such as the ceasefire between Houthi rebels and Sunni al-Qaeda militants in Yemen. This alliance enables these groups to share resources, intelligence and fighters to achieve their common goals, primarily targeting the US and its allies.

“Sydney Sweeney Stays Grounded: How Her Childhood Friends Keep Her Humble”

Sydney Sweeney: Staying Grounded Even in Fame
Sydney Sweeney has become a familiar face in Hollywood, earning praise for her roles in “Euphoria” and “The White Lotus.” But beyond the glamorous red carpets and press tours, Sweeney has always managed to keep herself grounded. Her humility and down-to-earth attitude can be traced to her close circle of friends who have been with her since childhood. Group of Old Friends


In a recent interview with Cosmopolitan, Sweeney opened up about her life outside of the spotlight, revealing how her old friends keep her grounded. “I have a really amazing friend group, some of whom are in the industry, but most of them are not,” Sweeney said. “You get out of what I call the ‘bubble,’ and you see what’s important in life.

You see reality, and that makes you grounded and humble.” Sweeney’s friend group is notable for its stability. While Hollywood often brings together fleeting relationships, Sweeney’s group is characterized by longevity. Many of her closest friends are those she has known since her childhood in the Pacific Northwest. “Most of my friends are still my childhood friends,” Sweeney explained. “So most of them are not in the industry,

because I didn’t grow up in it. It’s like going back to my roots.” Her commitment to staying connected with these old friends is evident in how she spends her free time. Sweeney often returns to her lakeside home in northern Idaho, a place that holds significant personal meaning. “I go home all the time,” she told Travel + Leisure earlier this year. “The most beautiful thing about the Pacific Northwest is that here you can go out and do everything. There are so many mountains and lakes.” Embracing Her Roots Sweeney’s roots in the Pacific Northwest have deeply influenced her approach to life. She fondly recalls her childhood experiences, such as berry picking and discovering hidden

waterfalls near Spokane, Washington. “If you go a little bit north of Spokane, right next to the border, you’ll find all these hidden little waterfalls,” she said. These moments of connection with nature are a far cry from the fast-paced world of Hollywood. Her decision to bring her parents to Los Angeles at age 13, when she began pursuing acting roles in the Pacific Northwest, marked the beginning of her journey in the entertainment industry.

Despite this, Sweeney’s appreciation for her upbringing is still strong. “It’s a very different feeling for me,” she says of her time in northern Idaho. “I’m a workaholic. I love to work and I love to juggle a million things at the same time. It was like a challenge for me, to take a step back and let myself get into vacation mode.” Fame and personal life changes Despite her rise to fame, Sweeney has managed to keep a low profile about her personal life. She is engaged to businessman Jonathan Davino, but their relationship is not often in the public

eye. This has led to speculation and rumors, including false reports of her engagement to co-star Glen Powell. The rumors, inspired by her on-screen chemistry in “Anyone But You,” were dismissed by Sweeney as “categorically untrue.” “I think it’s really important to keep your personal life private,” Sweeney told Cosmopolitan. “I became an actor because I loved playing characters. I loved creating stories and jumping in and learning everything about other people. I never thought people would be interested in Sydney.

I thought they would want to see my character, and so I wanted to keep it all about the work.” Sweeney’s commitment to keeping her work separate from her private life is evident in how she handles public interest. She uses her platform to focus on her craft rather than her personal matters, which is a testament to her dedication to her profession. Balance between work and leisure Sweeney’s passion and enthusiasm for her career cannot be denied. Calling herself a “workaholic,” she often finds it challenging to relax and step away from work. “It’s been very difficult!” she admits.

“When I would try to call my team, my friends would hide my phone so we could talk and work on scripts!” This dedication, however, is in contrast to her efforts to relax and enjoy life outside of work. Most recently, Sweeney has been spotted enjoying her new seaside mansion in Florida. Whether jet skiing, banana boat rides or paddle-boarding with her dog, she enjoys her free time to the fullest. These activities not only highlight his love for adventure, but also provide a break from the constant demands of his career. The importance of staying grounded
Sweeney’s ability to stay grounded amid the chaos of fame can be attributed to his strong personal values ​​and close support system. His longtime friends give him a sense of normality and perspective that he never had before.

“Five Crucial House Races That Will Determine.

With election day fast approaching, the intensity of the presidential race is clear. Yet, while all eyes are on the contenders for the White House, it’s important not to overlook the crucial battles taking place in smaller-scale races across the country, particularly the 435 races that will determine control of the House of Representatives. This year’s House races are shaping up to be a battleground, with key districts expected to be fiercely contested. Here’s an in-depth discussion of some of the most competitive races and what’s at stake. Control of the House of Representatives often hinges on a few crucial races, and this year is no exception. With margins in the House becoming increasingly narrow in recent elections, both parties are focusing their resources and strategies on these crucial contests. The results of these races could influence the legislative agenda for the next two years and set the stage for the 2026 elections. Key races to watch


New York’s 17th District: A classic face-off
In New York’s 17th congressional district, this race is a fascinating study in contrasts. Freshman Rep. Mike Lawler, a Republican, is seeking re-election against former Democratic Rep. Mondaire Jones. This district, just north of New York City, was won by Joe Biden in 2020, making it a prime target for Democrats trying to win it back. Lawler has established himself as a bipartisan legislator, which could be a key asset in a district that values ​​moderation. Jones, however, is positioning himself as a centrist who is attempting to distance himself from the more progressive elements of his party. His endorsement of his primary opponent, Rep. Jamaal Bowman, a prominent progressive voice, underscores his strategy to appeal to a broader electorate. Veteran GOP strategist Doug

Heye believes Lawler’s bipartisan reputation and alignment with the district’s values ​​will give him an edge. On the other hand, Democratic strategist Joel Rubin pointed to changing dynamics and redistricting advantages that could benefit Jones. The results in this district could serve as an indication for the broader electoral environment. Virginia’s 7th District is another race that is garnering significant attention. Representative Abigail Spanberger, a Democrat known for her work on national security and bipartisan efforts, is vacating her seat to run for governor. This open seat presents an opportunity for both parties. Democratic candidate Eugene Vindman brings a strong national security background that ties in with Spanberger’s legacy. Vindman’s brother,

Alexander Vindman, rose to prominence during the Trump impeachment hearings, adding a layer of national intrigue to the race. Republicans are fielding Derrick Anderson, an attorney and former Special Forces Green Beret. His military background and legal expertise may appeal to voters who are looking for a strong, experienced leader in a district that has swung between the parties in recent years. Haye argues that Spanberger’s departure makes it harder for Democrats to maintain control, while Rubin believes Vindman’s credentials and ongoing national security focus will help them build on Spanberger’s brand. This race will be worth watching as both parties try to take advantage of the open seat. Michigan’s 8th congressional district, represented by retiring Democrat Dan Kildee, is another competitive battleground. The district has become more conservative

in recent years, though Biden won it narrowly in 2020. The race pits Democratic state Sen. Kristen McDonald Rivet against former Trump administration appointee Paul Junge. Hay notes that open seats can sometimes be a liability for the incumbent party, and the changing political landscape of this district could make this a challenging contest for Democrats. Rivett’s experience in the state legislature and his ability to connect with local voters will be tested against Junge’s Trump administration experience and ability to attract conservative-leaning voters. Rubin points out that while the district has become more conservative, the Democratic focus on local issues and Rivett’s legislative experience could play a key role in keeping Democratic competitive. In Maryland’s 6th congressional district, the retirement of Democratic Representative David Trone has created an opportunity for Republicans. April Delaney, whose husband previously won the seat, is the Democratic nominee, facing off against Republican former state Representative Neil Parrott. Despite the district’s Democratic lean, it has a considerable number of unaffiliated voters who could swing the outcome. The presence of popular former Governor Larry Hogan on the ballot for Senate could also influence voter turnout and party alignment in this race.

Record-Breaking Start to the Premier League Season”

A week after Pep Guardiola marvelled at Erling Haaland’s “ridiculous” scoring stats, the Manchester City striker produced another stellar performance that left his manager and fans in awe. Haaland’s hat-trick against West Ham United at the London Stadium was not only a display of his incredible talent, but also proof of his unwavering consistency and dominance in the Premier League. In Manchester City’s 3-1 win over West Ham, Haaland scored all three of his team’s goals, his second hat-trick in just a week. This remarkable feat cements his status as one of the most formidable strikers in world football. With seven goals in just three games, Haaland has already outscored every other player in the Premier League, putting him well ahead of his rivals. The Norwegian striker’s performance is notable not just for its quantity but also for its quality. His goals against West Ham were a display of his versatility and precision. Haaland’s first goal was a masterclass in composure, as he calmly slotted the ball into the net. His second goal was a powerful strike into the roof of the net, while his third was a classic one-on-one finish. Each goal highlighted a different aspect of his game, showing why he is considered one of the most complete forwards in football. Record-breaking start to the season


Haaland’s blistering start to the season is unprecedented. He has already scored more goals in the first three games of the Premier League than any player from Burnley or Sheffield United. His tally of seven goals has surpassed the total goals scored by 51 of the 72 English Football League teams, all of whom have played at least one game more than Haaland. Furthermore, Haaland’s two hat-tricks in the opening three games have equalled a 30-year-old record set by Bradford City’s Paul Jewell in the 1994-95 season. This achievement underlines Haaland’s exceptional scoring ability and his knack for making history. The evolution of a goal machine
Guardiola’s surprise at Haaland’s performance is understandable, as the striker is constantly improving. Despite taking a summer off from football due to Norway’s failure to qualify for Euro 2024, Haaland has looked sharper than ever. His summer break seems to have rejuvenated him, and he now looks a more refined and complete player than ever before. Guardiola has noticed a significant growth in Haaland’s game. The striker not only scores with incredible efficiency, but also contributes in other areas. Against West Ham, Haaland did not lose possession of the ball once, showcasing his

improved all-around game. This evolution into a more well-rounded player, as well as his innate goal-scoring ability, has made him even more formidable. The impact of the summer break Former Manchester City defender Micah Richards highlighted the positive impact of Haaland’s summer break. Richards said Haaland’s energy and body language have been superb, suggesting the break gave him a chance to recharge and return with renewed vigour. This new approach is evident in Haaland’s performances, which are marked by a high level of confidence and happiness. The striker’s rejuvenation is a key factor in his current form. His summer break has not only helped him physically but also mentally, allowing him to head into this season with a positive mindset and an eagerness to excel. The road to 100 goals Haaland’s current form is taking him towards an impressive milestone. With 70 goals in 69 games for Manchester City, Haaland is fast approaching the milestone of 100 league goals for the club. His latest hat-trick also registered his 11th hat-trick for the defending champions, a testament to his consistent scoring prowess. His goal scoring rate this season has been nothing short of extraordinary. With an average of 2.3 goals per game,

Haaland is on his way to reaching an astonishing total of 89 goals if he continues this pace. Although maintaining such a high rate over an entire season is perhaps unsustainable, it highlights just how deadly Haaland has been so far. The fear that a striker like Haaland instills in defenders in his peak form is evident. The combination of his physicality, technical skill and goal scoring instinct makes him a nightmare for any opposing defence. As Jamie Redknapp said, Haaland’s performances this season have been a mix of “beauty and the beast”. His confidence and joy on the field are evident, and his ability to score goals with such regularity strikes terror into defenders. Haaland’s form has set a new benchmark for goal scoring in the Premier League. His performances have not only impressed his manager and teammates, but have also drawn praise from football experts and former players. The dominance he has displayed in the early part of the season shows he is not just a fleeting phenomenon, but a player capable of great accomplishments.

“Discover the Art of Early Indian Photography: Iconic Monuments Captured from 1850s to 1860s”

A fascinating new exhibition in Delhi, titled Histories in the Making, invites visitors to travel back in time through a stunning collection of early photographs of Indian monuments. Dating from the 1850s and 1860s, this collection offers a rare glimpse into a transformative period in both photography and Indian history. As new photographic technology met the rich fabric of Indian architecture, these images captured a pivotal moment when the art of photography was still in its infancy. The 19th century saw a significant leap forward in the development of photography. First introduced in 1839,

he technology quickly spread throughout Europe and its colonies, including British India. As the first country outside Europe to set up professional photographic studios, India became a hub for early photographers. Many of these pioneers, including both British and Indian photographers, gained international acclaim for their work. His photographs not only documented India’s architectural splendour, but also played a key role in shaping the understanding of Indian history and culture. Pioneers of Indian Photography
Among the earliest photographers to set foot in the Indian subcontinent were William Johnson and William Henderson. Johnson began his career around 1852 in Bombay (now Mumbai), initially working with the daguerreotype – a photographic process that produced a single image on a metal plate. By the mid-1850s, Johnson teamed up with Henderson to form the firm Johnson & Henderson. Their collaboration led to The Indian Amateur Photographic Album, a monthly series published between 1856 and 1858,

showcasing their photographs of Indian landmarks, including the famous caves of Elephanta in Maharashtra. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, primarily dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, is captured in all its intricate detail, providing a glimpse into India’s religious and cultural heritage. Another notable figure was Linnaeus Tripe, who arrived in India in 1839 and began photographing temples and historic sites throughout the subcontinent. Tripe’s work at Halebidu, Belur and Shravanabelagola earned him a first-class medal at an exhibition in Madras (now Chennai) in 1855. His extensive collection, which included more than 50 photographs of temples and other sites, was highly praised and cemented his reputation as a leading figure in early Indian photography. Scottish surgeon and photographer John Murray devoted his career to documenting Mughal architecture in Agra, Sikandarah and Delhi. His extensive set of photographs of the Taj Mahal, made in 1864, is one of the most detailed visual records of this iconic monument. Using paper negatives and the calotype process, Murray’s photographs offer a microscopic view of the grandeur of the Taj Mahal and the intricacies of Mughal architectural design.

Felice Beato, a renowned war and travel photographer, came to India in 1858 to document the developments in the aftermath of the 1857 Rebellion. Although the rebellion was nearly over by the time he arrived, Beato’s clear and powerful images of the events that followed, including scenes of Lucknow, Delhi, and Kanpur, captured the dramatic impact of the revolt on Indian cities. His works, known for their immediacy and depth, are historical records of a tumultuous period of Indian history. Andrew Neill, a Scottish doctor in the Indian Medical Service, also made significant contributions to early Indian photography. His calotypes, displayed at exhibitions in Madras and Bengal, documented architectural views of Mysore, Bellary, and Lucknow. Neill’s work provides a valuable perspective on the architectural and historical sites of his time. Another important photographer was Edmund Lyon, who came to India in 1865 and set up a studio in Ooty. Lyon’s photographs of the Nilgiri mountain range and various archaeological sites in South India received considerable recognition,

including at the Paris Exhibition of 1867. His extensive collection of 300 photographs of Trichinopoly, Madurai, Tanjore, Halebid, Bellary and Vijayanagara reflect his commitment to documenting India’s rich cultural and architectural heritage. Samuel Bourne, a former bank clerk turned photographer, arrived in Calcutta in 1863 and soon became a leading figure in Indian travel photography. Partnering with William Howard and later Charles Shepherd, Bourne founded the influential studio ‘Howard, Bourne & Shepherd’, which later became ‘Bourne & Shepherd’. His Himalayan expeditions between 1863 and 1866 produced some of the most stunning images of the region. Bourne’s photographs of the Manirang Pass, located at an altitude of over 18,600 feet, are particularly notable for their breathtaking depiction of the challenging terrain. The Impact of Early Indian Photography
Early photographs of Indian monuments served several purposes. For the British, they were a means of establishing control and showcasing the achievements of the empire. These images were often used

Ukraine Drone Attacks Ignite Fires at Russian Energy Facilities

In a dramatic escalation of the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, a series of drone strikes overnight have targeted key Russian energy facilities. These attacks have caused fires and damage, highlighting the escalating nature of the conflict and its impact on critical infrastructure. This article provides a detailed account of the recent attacks, their consequences, and the wider implications for the region.

Escalation in drone strikes
In the latest development in the Ukraine-Russia conflict, Ukraine has launched a coordinated series of drone strikes across Russia. The scale and precision of these attacks reflect a significant escalation in the conflict. According to the Russian Defense Ministry, these operations involved more than 158 Ukrainian drones, which targeted fifteen regions across the country, including the Russian capital Moscow.

The widespread use of drones represents a shift in the tactical approach of Ukrainian forces, reflecting their growing capabilities and strategic ambitions. The attacks were reportedly aimed at disrupting key infrastructure and demonstrating Ukraine’s ability to strike deep into Russian territory.

Fires at Russian energy facilities
Drone attacks have had a notable impact on Russia’s energy infrastructure. One of the most significant incidents occurred in Moscow, where an oil refinery caught fire. Moscow’s mayor, Sergei Sobyanin, reported that the fire was confined to a “separate technical room” within the refinery. Although the specifics of the damage are still unclear, the incident underscores the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to such attacks.

In addition to the fire in Moscow, another notable attack occurred in the Tver region, about 75 miles (120 kilometers) from the capital. Russian media reports indicate that explosions were heard near the Konakovo power station, which later caught fire. The region’s governor, Igor Rudenya, confirmed that the fire in the Konakovsky district had been brought under control, but he did not provide further details about the extent of the damage or the specifics of the attack.

Russian response and military claims
In response to the drone attacks, the Russian military has claimed that many incoming drones were intercepted and destroyed before they reached their targets. The Ministry of Defense has been vocal about its efforts to counter drone attacks, emphasizing the effectiveness of its air defense systems in minimizing damage from attacks.

However, despite these claims, fires at the oil refinery and power station indicate that some drones were able to penetrate Russian defenses and cause significant disruption. The impact on the targeted facilities highlights the challenges Russia faces in securing its energy infrastructure from increasingly sophisticated and aggressive attacks.

Regional and local implications
The recent attacks have raised concerns about broader implications for the region. The targeting of energy facilities is particularly significant as it underscores the strategic importance of these sites in the ongoing conflict. Disruptions to energy production and distribution could have far-reaching effects on both the local economy and the broader stability of the region.

In Moscow, a fire at an oil refinery has led to a heightened state of alert and emergency response efforts. Local authorities are working to minimize damage and assess the full impact of the attack. The situation has also prompted a review of security measures at key infrastructure sites in the city and surrounding areas.

In the Tver region, a fire at the Konakovo power station has similarly led to a reevaluation of emergency response actions and security protocols. Despite the limited details, the governor’s acknowledgement of the fire incident reflects the severity of the incident and ongoing efforts to address the situation.

The broader context of the conflict
The recent drone attacks are part of the broader and escalating conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Since the beginning of the conflict, there have been multiple rounds of gunfire, territorial disputes, and strategic maneuvers by both sides. The use of drones represents a new dimension to this conflict, adding a layer of complexity and unpredictability to ongoing hostilities.

Ukraine’s ability to conduct drone attacks into Russian territory reflects its growing military capabilities and determination. The attacks on energy infrastructure are likely aimed at disrupting Russian operations, undermining its economic stability, and demonstrating Ukraine’s resilience and strategic innovation.

For Russia, these attacks highlight the challenges of defending against non-traditional threats and the need to adapt its defense strategies to address evolving tactics. These incidents also underscore the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to modern warfare techniques, including drone technology.

Escalating West Bank Conflict: Hebron Checkpoint Shooting and Jenin Siege Intensify Crisis

The ongoing conflict in the occupied West Bank has recently become even more intense, leading to violent clashes, loss of life and increased tensions. The current situation has turned into a humanitarian crisis, especially in areas such as Hebron and Jenin, where military operations have resulted in severe casualties and widespread destruction.

A tragic shooting incident took place near the Tarqumiya checkpoint, south of Hebron, where a man and a woman lost their lives, and a third person, a man in his 50s, was seriously injured. Magen David Adom, the Israeli national emergency service, confirmed the deaths, saying the victims were transferred to hospital following the attack. The incident adds to the growing violence in the region as tensions between Israeli forces and Palestinian residents escalate.

According to local reports, the victims were policemen from the Hebron station, who were shot by a passing Palestinian vehicle. The attack highlights the changing focus of recent violence, which has usually been centered around the northern West Bank and the Jordan Valley. Now, there has been a worrying increase in incidents in southern parts of the West Bank as well.

Israeli response: Raids and restrictions

Following the shooting near Tarqumiyah, the Israeli army responded by raiding the Palestinian village of Idhna, located close to the scene of the attack. The raid led to the arrest of six individuals, including three women, in the Hebron area. Similar operations were also carried out in nearby locations such as Yatta and Halhul. Roads in and out of Hebron have been blocked, and drones have been seen hovering over the area, increasing the sense of fear and uncertainty among residents.

Local journalist Akram Natsheh reports that the atmosphere in Hebron is tense and apprehensive, and residents are concerned about further tensions. The situation in Hebron is a reflection of the wider crisis unfolding in the West Bank, where clashes, arrests and military action have become commonplace.

Humanitarian crisis in Jenin: A city under siege
While Hebron has been a focal point recently, Jenin is suffering under severe military pressure. Israeli forces have been conducting raids in the Jenin area for several consecutive days, causing significant damage to infrastructure and worsening the humanitarian situation. Local officials report that approximately 70 percent of the roads in Jenin have been bulldozed, severely restricting movement and access.

Residents of Jenin are facing severe shortages of essential supplies. The city is cut off from food, water, electricity and internet access, making daily life a struggle for those living there. The Israeli military operation in Jenin is reportedly the largest in the West Bank since the Second Intifada in 2002, with significant force being used, including tanks, drones and bulldozers.

Military objective or territorial control?

The Israeli military claims that these operations are aimed at targeting armed groups and deterring future attacks against Israel. However, the extent of the destruction and the impact on civilian life have raised questions about the real intent of these actions. According to some observers, there are concerns that the military’s objective may go beyond security concerns and may be aimed at territorial control or further displacement of Palestinians.

There have been reports of gunfire in various locations, and Hamas has confirmed the killing of at least ten fighters, including a top commander, in recent clashes. The conflict has left a trail of destruction in places such as Tulkarem and Tubas, from where Israeli forces have withdrawn. This destruction, including damage to water pipelines, power systems and other vital infrastructure, is worrying and suggests a wider strategy that may be aimed at spreading the conflict in Gaza to the West Bank.

Impact on Palestinian civilians
For Palestinian civilians, the situation is becoming increasingly dire. The continued military actions and restrictions have severely disrupted daily life, creating a climate of fear, uncertainty and instability. Residents of Jenin, Hebron and surrounding areas are struggling to cope with the consequences of the ongoing violence, including loss of life and property, destruction of homes and lack of basic necessities.

Al Jazeera correspondent Niba Ibrahim described the current situation as a punitive measure rather than a security necessity. According to her report, Palestinians believe that these military operations are intended to remind them of the grave consequences of resistance against the Israeli occupation. This perception is further aggravated by the destruction in the areas affected by Israeli military actions, which some argue are disproportionate and aimed at breaking the will of the Palestinian people.

US Open Round-Up: Sinner Shines, American Hopes Rise, Wozniacki’s Dream Comeback

US Open round-up: Sinner shines, American hopes revived and Wozniacki makes a dream comeback
As the US Open enters its fourth round, the tournament has already thrown up a flurry of excitement, surprises and impressive performances. With major names falling and others advancing, the competition at Flushing Meadows is heating up, promising an interesting finish.

Jannik Sinner emerges as a major contender
Italian star Jannik Sinner has made a strong statement at the US Open, advancing to the fourth round with a stellar performance. Sinner, who has been under a lot of scrutiny recently due to the doping controversy, showcased his resilience and skill by defeating Christopher O’Connell in straight sets 6-1, 6-4, 6-2.

The shocking exits of defending champion Novak Djokovic and rising star Carlos Alcaraz have put Sinner in the spotlight. Defending champion Djokovic was unexpectedly beaten by Alexei Popyrin, while Alcaraz lost to Botic van de Zandschulp in the first round. Sinner, who is considered a strong contender for the title, acknowledged the unpredictable nature of the game. “Whenever you drop a little bit below your level, it has a huge impact on the result,” he said. His upcoming match against Tommy Paul is eagerly awaited as he continues to prove himself as a leading candidate for the title.

US hopes: Tommy Paul and Jessica Pegula shine

US tennis fans are eagerly watching Tommy Paul and Jessica Pegula, both of whom have reached the fourth round with the hope of ending a 21-year drought for a home major winner. 14th seed Tommy Paul bounced back from a challenging first set to beat Canada’s Gabriel Diallo 6-7(5), 6-3, 6-1, 7-6(3). Paul, who is known for his dynamic playing style, will face a tough challenge against Sinner. He plans to change his strategy to counter Sinner’s powerful baseline game. “She’s probably the best ball striker on the tour,” Paul admitted. “I don’t want to just bang on the baseline with her.” Sixth seed Jessica Pegula has also impressed with her performance. She reached the fourth round by beating Jessica Bouzas Manero 6-3, 6-3. However, not all American players have had the same success. Another hope Ashlyn Kruger lost to Liudmila Samsonova in a one-sided match. Caroline Wozniacki’s triumphant return Caroline Wozniacki’s return to professional tennis has been remarkable. After a three-year hiatus, during which she focused on family life after the birth of her two children, Wozniacki has returned to the game with impressive form. The 34-year-old Dane advanced to the fourth round with a 6-3, 6-2 win over Jessica Ponchet. Her comeback is being widely celebrated, and many are keen to see how far she can go in the tournament.

Iga Swiatek’s continued pursuit

French Open champion Polish star Iga Swiatek is also making a splash at the US Open. Eyeing her sixth Grand Slam title, Swiatek comfortably defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova with a 6-4, 6-2 victory. A recent interaction with tennis legend Serena Williams, who is attending the Open as a fan, has boosted Swiatek’s confidence. “It’s nice to see her. She has a lot of positive energy,” Swiatek expressed gratitude. With Williams’ encouragement, Swiatek looks set to continue her strong run.

Other notable performances

In other notable matches, Roland Garros and Wimbledon runner-up Jasmine Paolini prevailed over Yulia Putintseva with a score of 6-3, 6-4. Paolini’s next opponent, Karolina Muchova, also displayed her form by beating Anastasia Potapova 6-4, 6-2. Muchova, who is recovering from a wrist injury, is slowly getting back into her rhythm and could pose a big challenge for Paolini.

Australian Alex de Minaur, who is battling a hip injury, defeated Britain’s Dan Evans 6-3, 6-7 (4-7), 6-0, 6-0 in a four-set clash. Evans, who had previously featured in the longest US Open match of the professional era, appeared to tire as the match progressed.

Jack Draper, who has carried the torch of British tennis after Andy Murray’s retirement, also scored a notable victory. Draper defeated Botic van de Zandschulp 6-3, 6-4, 6-2, showcasing his potential as a rising star in the sport.

In the men’s draw, 2021 US Open champion Daniil Medvedev continued his quest for another title with a straightforward 6-3, 6-4, 6-3 win over Flavio Cobolli. Medvedev, who is the only former champion left in the men’s draw, expressed his determination to capitalise on his opportunity. “This is the only Grand Slam where I have that chance,” Medvedev said. “I need to do my best to try to win it again.”

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