In early August 2024, a scene unfolded at Moscow Airport that was reminiscent of the Cold War. A group of Russian agents, hackers and even a hitman from Russia’s notorious FSB intelligence service stepped off the plane and onto the red carpet. There to greet them was none other than President Vladimir Putin himself, who warmly thanked the men for their loyal service to their country. Among the group was a man who, to those who know him in the West, was simply Pablo Gonzalez, a 42-year-old journalist from Spain’s Basque region. Pablo, with his black beard and shaved head shining in the airport lights, smiled as he shook Putin’s hand. His simple outfit – a Star Wars T-shirt emblazoned with the words “Your Empire Needs You” – was a stark contrast to the formal atmosphere. But this was no ordinary homecoming.
Pablo Gonzalez was no ordinary journalist. His real name was Pavel Rubtsov and his true allegiance was to Russia. For many years, Pablo Gonzalez was known in Europe as a freelance journalist writing for Spanish-language outlets. He reported on the conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh and Ukraine and even joined a media trip to Syria organized by Russia’s Defense Ministry. To many, he was just another reporter navigating the turbulent world of international news. But behind this appearance lay a much darker truth. Pablo had been living in Warsaw for at least three years before his arrest, where he was staying with his Polish girlfriend. His work as a journalist allowed him to mingle among Russian dissidents and activists in Europe, some of whom were deeply suspicious of him long before his arrest. One of these was Zhanna Nemtsova, the daughter of Boris Nemtsov, a prominent Putin critic who was murdered near the Kremlin in 2015.
Zhanna first met Pablo in 2016 at an event held in Strasbourg to mark the investigation into her father’s murder. Pablo had approached her for an interview, but she declined. Over time, however, he became a familiar face in her world, attending events, doing interviews and mingling with people close to her. Zhanna admits she felt uncomfortable around him. “I first had my suspicions in 2019. It just dawned on me,” she recalls. Despite her doubts, others around her dismissed her concerns as paranoia. But Zhanna was convinced she was right. Pablo Gonzalez’s double life began to unravel in February 2022,
when he was arrested in Przemysl, eastern Poland, where he was covering the early days of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Polish authorities accused him of espionage, a charge that eventually led to his inclusion in a prisoner swap that brought him back to Russia. For more than two years, Pablo was held in a Polish prison, where his trial was ongoing. The details of his case were cloaked in secrecy, with Polish prosecutors refusing to provide further information. But behind the scenes, an investigation was uncovering the extent of his activities. When Polish investigators searched Pablo’s belongings, they found detailed reports on the activities and contacts of various individuals he had come into contact with over the past several years. These reports included profiles of Russian opposition activists, such as Zhanna Nemtsova, and others in her circle, as well as details of a Polish citizen and students at a journalism summer school run by Nemtsova. Investigators also found emails copied from a laptop borrowed by Pablo,
which indicate he was collecting intelligence on those around him. One report focused on a Russian Defense Ministry press trip to Syria that Pablo attended. The report mainly criticized the ministry’s poor organization, but its existence further implicated Pablo in espionage activities. Although some reports were described as “useless” and filled with publicly available information, others contained questions from a superior, suggesting that their purpose was to gather actionable intelligence for Russia’s military. Zhanna Nemtsova’s suspicions were confirmed when she was shown evidence of Pablo’s spying as part of the criminal investigation. “I have no doubt that he was a spy. I’m 100% sure,” she says. Her trust, already fragile, shattered when she discovered how deeply Pablo had infiltrated her world. He had not only attended her events, but also won the trust of her friends and colleagues, some of whom considered him a close associate. Vadim Prokhorov, the Nemtsov family lawyer, recalls another detail about Pablo that, looking back, should have raised alarms. “He drank like a Russian. He could hold his drink without spilling. We should have suspected him at that time!”
