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Presidential debates are a crucial moment in any U.S.

Presidential debates are a crucial moment in any U.S. election cycle, often serving as the turning point that can sway undecided voters and shape the final weeks of the campaign. This year, the stakes are particularly high as Kamala Harris and Donald Trump face off in a highly anticipated debate on Tuesday night. With only one debate currently scheduled between them, this face-off could prove to be one of the most important events of the 2024 presidential race.

A crucial moment for Kamala Harris

Vice President Kamala Harris, who has been on the national stage for more than three years, is still relatively unknown to many voters. Despite her prominent role, a recent poll by The New York Times indicated that 28% of likely voters still feel they need to learn more about her and her policies. Harris has been working to establish her identity and vision for America since announcing her candidacy for president. For her, this debate in Philadelphia is an opportunity to present herself to a wider audience and clearly outline her policy positions.

However, this debate also carries significant risks. Harris will be under intense scrutiny not only from her Republican opponent but also from the moderator, who may press her on her policy changes and the Biden administration’s track record. Harris has faced challenges in the past in handling incisive questions under pressure, and her relatively limited media exposure during the early weeks of her campaign has not allowed her to get as much practice in responding to tough questioning.

Familiar ground for Trump

Donald Trump, on the other hand, is no stranger to presidential debates. Having participated in debates in the past three election cycles, he has a well-established style that combines a combative approach with populist rhetoric. His strategy for this debate relies more on his experience and instincts rather than rigorous preparation. Trump has opted for informal debate preparation, which includes reviewing his positions on key issues and engaging with supporters in a town hall forum on Fox News.

Trump’s approach reflects his confidence in his ability to perform well in high-pressure settings and dominate the narrative. His aim will likely be to force Harris to defend the Biden administration’s policies, particularly on issues where Republicans believe they have an advantage, such as border security, inflation and crime.

A divided electorate

The 2024 presidential race has been characterised by division and polarisation. Surveys show that voters are sharply divided, with most polls showing the race statistically tied both nationally and in key swing states. Tuesday night’s debate could therefore be decisive. Even a small shift in voter sentiment could prove to be the deciding factor in this race, which is expected to be a closely contested one.

For Harris, the debate is not just about promoting her own viewpoint, but also about distancing herself from some of the less popular policies associated with the Biden administration. Since announcing her candidacy, she has walked back many of her old policy positions from her 2020 presidential bid, including stances on banning fracking, decriminalizing border crossing, and nationalizing health insurance. She has argued that these changes are due to changing circumstances, but some voters may view them as politically motivated reversals rather than a genuine shift in beliefs.

Different approaches to debate preparation

The two candidates have taken different approaches to debate preparation. Harris, a former prosecutor, is holding mock debates in Pittsburgh, a city located just a few hours’ drive from the debate site in Philadelphia. This has given her a chance to hone her responses and refine her policy proposals. Additionally, campaigning in Pennsylvania — a key battleground state — has given her publicity in the local media and an opportunity to connect with voters.

In contrast, Trump has opted for a more informal preparation style. Instead of formal rehearsals, she has focused on connecting with supporters and discussing key issues in a familiar setting. Her recent appearance at a town hall hosted by Fox News is evidence of her reliance on direct communication with her base, emphasising her populist approach.

The stakes are high

The importance of Tuesday’s debate cannot be underestimated. With early voting starting soon in some crucial battleground states, including Pennsylvania, this debate is the last major opportunity for both candidates to put their case in front of voters who may still be undecided. In a race where every vote counts, especially in tightly contested states, the impact of this debate could be felt until election day in November.

For Kamala Harris, this debate will be a great way to establish herself as a credible presidential candidate, distance herself from Joe Biden’s administration and help her win the election.

The ex-boyfriend of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei.

The ex-boyfriend of Ugandan Olympic athlete Rebecca Cheptegei has died in a tragic incident. The incident took place in northwest Kenya, where the athlete lived and trained. The attack and subsequent deaths have shocked the local community and drawn attention to the growing issue of gender-based violence in the region.

Horrific attack

33-year-old marathon runner and Olympian Rebecca Cheptegei was attacked by her former partner Dickson Ndema while returning home from church a week ago. According to witnesses and local officials, Ndema sprayed petrol over her and set her on fire. The reason behind the horrific attack was said to be a dispute over a small piece of land in the area.

Neighbours described the horrific scene that unfolded. “We heard her screams and then we saw her running towards us, engulfed in flames, screaming for help,” said a local resident who witnessed the incident. The community was left in shock by the cries for help and the sight of the athlete burning to death.

Both died of injuries

Cheptegei suffered severe injuries, with burns covering 80% of his body. He was rushed to Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, but died four days later. Ndiema, who suffered burns during the attack, was also admitted to the same hospital with burns over 30% of his body. He remained in the intensive care unit for several days before he too died on Monday night.

Hospital official Dr Owen Menach confirmed Ndiema’s death, saying, “It is true that she died of burns.” Both Ndiema and Cheptegei were receiving treatment at Moi Hospital before their deaths, but their injuries were so severe that they did not survive.

Against the backdrop of rising violence against women in Kenya

The attack on Cheptegei has raised concerns about the safety of women in Kenya, especially those in difficult relationships. Unfortunately, this is not an isolated incident. Cheptegei’s death is the third case in the last three years of an athlete being murdered by her intimate partner in Kenya. In 2021, world record holder Agnes Tirop was stabbed to death, and just six months later, another athlete, Damaris Mutua, was strangled to death.

Cheptegei’s story highlights the growing crisis of domestic violence in Kenya. A national survey in 2022 found that at least 34% of women in Kenya have experienced physical violence. The case of Cheptegei, a renowned athlete, has again drawn attention to this disturbing trend, leading to calls for stronger legal protections and awareness campaigns to tackle gender-based violence.

A life dedicated to running and her country

Born on the Kenyan side of the Kenya-Uganda border, Rebecca Cheptegei always dreamed of a career in athletics. When opportunities did not present themselves in Kenya, she decided to cross the border to Uganda to pursue her passion. She joined the Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF) in 2008 and pursued her athletics career, rising to the rank of sergeant.

Cheptegei’s journey to the Olympics was marked by determination and perseverance. She competed at this year’s Paris Olympics, representing Uganda in the marathon. Although she finished 44th, her community in Bukwo, Uganda, celebrated her as a “champion.” To them, she was more than an athlete; she was a symbol of hope and pride. Her death has left her family, friends and the entire region in mourning.

Land dispute and legal proceedings

Local administrators have reported that the conflict between Cheptegei and Ndiema stemmed from a dispute over a small piece of land in northwest Kenya. Land disputes are not uncommon in the region, often leading to tension and, in some cases, violence. However, the fatal attack on Cheptegei shocked the community, who were unaware that the conflict had escalated to such an extent.

Following Cheptegei’s death, police announced that they were treating his death as a case of murder and named Ndiema as the primary suspect. Before her death, Ndiema could have faced charges for the brutal attack on Cheptegei. Her death has put an end to potential legal proceedings, but it has not silenced the voices calling for justice and action against domestic violence.

Calls for action and justice

Cheptegei’s tragic death has sparked outrage and renewed demands for justice, especially for women who are victims of violence. Activists, athletes and community leaders have urged the government to implement stronger measures to protect women and address the root causes of domestic violence.

Prominent Ugandan athletes and sports organisations have also expressed their condolences and called for greater awareness and support systems for women experiencing domestic abuse. They stressed the need for counselling, legal aid and safe shelters for women at risk. Many believe Cheptegei’s death should serve as a warning to society and the authorities

reported killed in an Israeli airstrike on a designated humanitarian zone.

At least 13 people were reported killed in an Israeli airstrike on a designated humanitarian zone in southern Gaza, according to a local hospital. The attack hit a camp for displaced Palestinians in the al-Mawasi area, southwest of Khan Younis, late at night, causing widespread devastation and craters up to 7 meters (23 feet) deep.

Devastation in al-Mawasi

Residents described horrific scenes in the aftermath of the airstrike. Witnesses said three missiles hit a crowded tent camp that houses hundreds of displaced families who were told by Israeli authorities to take refuge there for their own safety. The al-Mawasi area, already packed with people fleeing other parts of Gaza, has now become another tragic site in the ongoing conflict.

Witnesses reported hearing large explosions shortly after midnight, followed by flames shooting up into the night sky. “The attacks created three craters seven metres [23 feet] deep and buried more than 20 tents,” said Khaled Mahmoud, a charity volunteer who lives near the area. Mahmoud and other volunteers rushed to the scene to help, but were stunned by the scale of the devastation and chaos.

Conflicting reports on casualty count

An initial casualty report from the Hamas-run Civil Defence Authority indicated that more than 40 people were killed and more than 60 injured. It also warned that many more people could still be trapped under the rubble. However, the Israeli military challenged this figure and said the death toll was lower.

Later, an official at Khan Younis’s Nasser Hospital confirmed that 13 bodies were brought in after the attack. The exact number of casualties is still unclear, as the situation remains volatile and rescue operations continue in challenging conditions.

Israel’s justification for the attack

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) issued a statement taking responsibility for the airstrike, saying it had targeted “several senior Hamas militants” operating in the area. According to the IDF, the targeted individuals included Samir Abu Dakka, the head of Hamas’s aerial unit, and Osama Tabesh, responsible for the observation and targeting department in Hamas’ military intelligence. The IDF said that prior to the attack, extensive intelligence gathering and continuous aerial surveillance had confirmed the presence of these Hamas commanders and other operatives in the area.

The IDF accused Hamas of deploying its operatives and military assets in civilian areas, including designated humanitarian areas, effectively using civilians as human shields. The Israeli military stressed that the attack was “precise” and aimed only at eliminating prominent Hamas figures.

Hamas condemns attack as “genocide”

In response to the airstrike, Hamas condemned the Israeli military operation as a “heinous massacre”. A Hamas statement rejected the IDF’s claim that a command and control center existed in the al-Mawasi humanitarian zone, calling it a “blatant lie” and said it was intended to justify “heinous crimes” against civilians. Hamas has repeatedly denied allegations of using civilian areas for military purposes and insisted that no member of its organization was operating within civilian gatherings.

Context: Ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis

The latest attack in al-Mawasi comes amid an ongoing conflict that erupted after Hamas launched an unprecedented attack on southern Israel on October 7. According to Israeli sources, about 1,200 people were killed in that attack and 251 others were taken hostage and taken back to Gaza. Since then Israel has launched a major military operation aimed at eliminating Hamas infrastructure in Gaza, causing widespread destruction and significant loss of life.

The humanitarian situation in Gaza has deteriorated rapidly. More than 40,980 people have been killed in Gaza since the conflict began, according to the territory’s Hamas-run health ministry. More than 1.9 million people, representing more than 80% of Gaza’s population, are believed to have been displaced, with many forced to flee multiple times as the conflict escalated.

Living conditions in al-Mawasi

The al-Mawasi area, once considered a relatively safe area for displaced Palestinians, has been flooded with people fleeing other conflict-torn areas of Gaza. With limited resources, al-Mawasi’s residents live in makeshift tents and crowded conditions, struggling with shortages of food, water and medical supplies. The latest airstrikes have added to the misery of an already suffering population.

After the attack, scenes of devastation were evident everywhere. Vehicles were buried under piles of sand, tents were torn to pieces, and people were seen desperately looking for their loved ones amid the rubble. Rescue teams and volunteers continued to dig through the rubble in hopes of finding survivors, but the chances were constantly diminishing.

In a major ruling affecting one of the world’s biggest tech companies,

In a major ruling affecting one of the world’s biggest tech companies, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has ordered Apple to pay back €13 billion (about £11 billion or $14 billion) in unpaid taxes to Ireland. The ruling is the culmination of a long legal battle between the EU, Apple and the Irish government over what the EU has described as illegal tax benefits granted to Apple by Ireland.

Background: A long battle over taxes

The case dates back to 2016 when the European Commission accused Ireland of granting Apple unfair tax benefits that amounted to illegal state aid. According to the commission, Ireland allowed Apple to pay significantly less tax than other businesses, leading to a situation where Apple paid almost no tax on its European profits. The commission ordered Ireland to recover €13 billion in unpaid taxes from Apple, but both Apple and the Irish government contested the ruling.

Ireland has consistently argued against the requirement for back taxes to be paid, stating that it has complied with all applicable tax laws and has not given Apple any special treatment. Apple, on its part, has said that it has always followed the law and paid all its outstanding taxes. Both Ireland and Apple appealed against the Commission’s decision, which led to years of legal battles.

Final decision by the European Court of Justice

The recent decision by the European Court of Justice is being considered as the final decision on this controversial issue. The court said, “The Court gives final judgment in this case and confirms the 2016 decision of the European Commission: Ireland provided unlawful assistance to Apple, which Ireland is required to recover.” This decision overturns a previous decision made in 2020 by the lower General Court of the ECJ, which sided with Apple and Ireland, quashing the Commission’s order.

However, the High Court found legal errors in that 2020 decision and decided to uphold the original decision taken by the European Commission. This means that Ireland will have to recover €13 billion from Apple, despite years of legal efforts to avoid doing so.

Apple’s response to the ruling

Responding to the court’s decision, Apple reiterated that the issue was never about how much tax it pays, but rather which country should receive the tax payment. “This case was never about how much tax we pay, but rather which government we have to pay it to,” an Apple representative said. “We have always paid all our taxes, no matter where we operate, and have never had any special deals.”

Apple emphasized its role as a major taxpayer globally and its contribution to economic growth and innovation in Europe and around the world. “Apple is proud to be an engine of growth and innovation in Europe and around the world, and to consistently be one of the world’s largest taxpayers,” the company said.

Apple also expressed disappointment at the latest ruling, pointing out that the lower General Court had earlier overruled the Commission’s decision. “We are disappointed by today’s decision as previously the General Court had reviewed the facts and clearly quashed the case,” the company said. Period in question: 1991 to 2014

The tax dispute centres around the period from 1991 to 2014, during which Apple had two subsidiaries in Ireland that were used to control most of its European sales and profits. The European Commission argued that the way in which profits generated by these subsidiaries were taxed in Ireland gave Apple an unfair advantage compared to other companies that were not given the same tax regime.

According to the Commission, this amounts to unlawful state aid under EU competition rules. The Commission’s stance was that Apple’s tax arrangement allowed it to avoid paying taxes due in Europe, thereby distorting competition.

Ireland’s stance and implications for Dublin

Ireland has long resisted the notion that it gave illegal state aid to Apple, arguing instead that it complied with all applicable national and international tax laws. Dublin has been reluctant to recover taxes from Apple, mainly due to concerns that doing so could affect its reputation as a pro-business environment that attracts multinationals to set up their European headquarters in the country.

However, following the latest ruling by Europe’s highest court, Ireland is left with no choice but to recover the money from Apple and get it to comply. The development could have significant financial implications for Dublin, as well as potentially impact its relationship with other large multinationals operating in Ireland.

Widening crackdown on big tech companies by European Commission

The ruling comes at a time when the European Commission is increasingly focusing on regulating big tech companies and ensuring fair competition in the market. In recent years, the Commission has imposed significant fines on other tech giants for breaches of EU competition laws.

In a significant escalation of the ongoing conflict,

In a significant escalation of the ongoing conflict, Russian authorities have reported a series of drone strikes carried out by Ukraine that killed one person, injured several others and set residential buildings on fire. These attacks took place in several regions of Russia, including Moscow, and disrupted normal life, affected flights and forced people to evacuate.

Multiple drone strikes across Russia

According to Russian authorities, their air defense managed to shoot down 144 Ukrainian drones overnight. However, despite these efforts, some drones successfully hit their targets, causing widespread damage and fear among residents. Moscow regional governor Andrei Vorobyov confirmed that a 46-year-old woman lost her life in one of the drone strikes in Ramenskoye, a town in the Moscow region. In addition, three other people were injured, and 43 residents were forced to evacuate their homes to temporary shelters.

The drone strikes set several apartments in two high-rise buildings in Ramenskoye on fire. Local emergency services responded quickly, but by the time they arrived, the damage was extensive. Governor Vorobyov described the incident as a “deliberate attack on civilians”, highlighting the increased threat posed by these drone strikes.

Airports closed in Moscow

The impact of the attacks was not limited to the affected buildings. State media reported that four major Moscow airports were temporarily closed due to the drone strikes. More than 30 domestic and international flights were suspended or delayed, causing panic and frustration among passengers. The Russian aviation authority, Rosaviatsia, later announced on its Telegram channel that three airports—Domodedovo, Zhukovsky and Vnukovo—had resumed operations after ensuring it was safe to do so.

The fourth airport, Sheremetyevo, remained closed for a longer period of time, reflecting the heightened alert and potential threats in the airspace around Moscow. This disruption of air travel to Moscow is the most significant since the conflict began, affecting thousands of passengers.

Ukraine’s response and the ongoing drone war

So far, Ukrainian authorities have not commented on these latest drone attacks on Russian soil. However, the Ukrainian military has regularly carried out drone attacks on Russian targets as part of its strategy in the ongoing conflict. These attacks often target military installations, supply depots, and other strategic sites, but can sometimes hit civilian areas as well.

On the other hand, the Ukrainian Air Force reported that its air defense forces successfully intercepted 38 of the 46 Shahed-type attack drones launched by Russia that same night. The drones targeted several Ukrainian cities and regions, including Kyiv, Odessa, Kherson, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Poltava. The Ukrainian military also mentioned that Russia launched an Iskander-M ballistic missile and a Kh-31 air-to-surface missile during these attacks, further escalating the ongoing conflict.

Rising tensions and recent gains in eastern Ukraine

As these drone attacks continue, Moscow has claimed significant gains in the eastern part of Ukraine, particularly in the Donetsk region. The Russian Defense Ministry announced on Tuesday that its forces had captured at least three villages, including Memrik, Novohrodivka, and Krasnohorivka. These villages are strategically important, located close to the major city of Pokrovsk, and their capture is seen as a tactical advantage for Russian forces in the region.

The Russian military has described these captures as “liberations,” while Ukrainian forces have not yet confirmed or commented on these developments. However, sources within Ukraine have indicated that Ukrainian forces may be retreating from some areas, including Novohrodivka. This withdrawal may signal a strategic repositioning by Ukrainian forces in response to changing dynamics on the ground.

Civilian impact and humanitarian concerns

The ongoing drone war has brought significant hardship to civilians on both sides of the conflict. In Ramenskoye, the death of a civilian woman and the injury of others has sparked outrage and fear among the local population. With residential buildings set on fire and people displaced from their homes, the human cost of these attacks is becoming increasingly evident.

Humanitarian agencies and international organisations have expressed deep concern at the escalating violence and its impact on civilians. The indiscriminate nature of drone strikes, which often fail to distinguish between military and civilian targets, poses serious risks to the lives and safety of ordinary people caught in the crossfire.

The broader picture: Russia’s recent attacks on Ukrainian cities

In recent weeks, Russia has escalated its missile and drone attacks on various Ukrainian cities. Deadly attacks have been reported in Lviv, Poltava and Kharkiv, causing significant destruction and loss of life.

The Metropolitan Police have admitted to making mistakes.

The Metropolitan Police have admitted to making mistakes in their handling of recent large-scale protests related to the Palestine conflict in London. Assistant Commissioner Matt Twist acknowledged that the force “didn’t get everything right,” especially during the initial stages of the demonstrations in October 2023.

Twist’s comments came as he spoke to the authors of a report by the Policy Exchange think tank, highlighting the challenges faced by the police in managing the protests. He noted that “months of protests have had a cumulative impact on London and its communities.”

Impact of Palestine Protests on London

From October 2023 to June 2024, Palestine-related protests have placed a significant burden on the Metropolitan Police, both financially and in terms of manpower. According to estimates presented to the London Assembly, these protests cost the force nearly £43 million and required almost 52,000 police officers.

The Policy Exchange, a right-wing think tank, argues that the ongoing protests have ushered in a “new era of increasingly disruptive protests,” which affects public services, tourism, and retail in London. The report emphasizes that this level of disruption is “simply unreasonable” for ordinary citizens who have to constantly adjust their plans due to protest activities.

Policing Challenges and Response

Matt Twist explained that each protest presented a unique challenge for the police, requiring substantial planning and resources. “Our priority has always been to keep people safe while balancing the lawful right to protest with the impact on the wider community,” he said.

However, the assistant commissioner admitted that the police could have acted more swiftly in some situations. He referred to a specific incident involving a man chanting for “jihad” during one of the protests. In that case, the police did not make an immediate arrest, following quick legal advice from lawyers and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). Twist stated that the police are now more focused on identifying reasonable grounds for arrest in such situations.

Legislative Gaps and Public Reaction

The Policy Exchange report criticized the current legislative framework governing protests, which requires organizers to give only six days’ notice to the police. The report argued that this short notice period makes it difficult for the public to plan around protests, as final details are often only released the day before or on the day of a protest.

The report also highlighted that in nearly one-third of public order cases, the CPS decided not to prosecute suspects on “public interest” grounds. This finding has sparked debate about whether the legal framework is sufficient to handle the growing scale and frequency of disruptive protests.

Diverse Protests Across the UK

Since October 2023, the UK has witnessed frequent protests across major cities. These include demonstrations organized by the Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, as well as environmental protests by groups like Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion.

Some protests have also turned violent. For instance, following an attack in Southport on July 29, which resulted in the deaths of three young girls, some protests escalated into rioting and disorder. The increasing frequency and intensity of these protests have underscored the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in maintaining order.

Public Opinion on Protests

The Policy Exchange report included a nationwide poll of over 1,500 adults to gauge public sentiment about protests. The poll revealed that more than two-thirds of respondents would cancel plans to travel with young children, elderly relatives, or those with mobility impairments if a major protest was taking place nearby.

Furthermore, over 60% of respondents said they would avoid visiting tourist attractions, while more than half would abandon plans to go shopping if a protest was scheduled in their city or town. These findings suggest that public tolerance for disruptive protests is wearing thin, particularly when they impact daily routines and access to public spaces.

Recommendations for Reform

The Policy Exchange report made 26 recommendations to address the challenges of policing protests. One key suggestion is for the government to amend the criteria under section 13 of the Public Order Act 1986, allowing authorities to prohibit a protest march if it is likely to cause “serious damage to property or serious disruption to the life of the community.”

The think tank also called for the establishment of a Protest Commission for London, which would be appointed by the Home Secretary. This commission would be responsible for overseeing the regulation of protests and ensuring that they do not unduly disrupt public life.

The report further recommended that the Metropolitan Police impose “more stringent” conditions on protest marches to minimize their impact on public order and safety.

Support from Former Police Chiefs

The report has received backing from former Metropolitan Police Commissioner Lord Hogan-Howe, who acknowledged the increasing challenges faced by police commanders and officers in managing protests. He praised the courage and dedication of police officers, stating, “We regularly see police officers demonstrating conspicuous courage, and for that, they deserve our gratitude and respect.”

Lord Hogan-Howe also urged the government to “rebalance the legal regime in favor of ordinary members of the public going about their daily lives.” He argued that the current legal framework is heavily tilted in favor of protestors, often at the expense of ordinary citizens and businesses.

The Need for a Balanced Approach

The debate over how to handle large-scale protests is a complex one, balancing the right to peaceful protest with the need to maintain public order and safety. While the Metropolitan Police have acknowledged their mistakes and are taking steps to improve their response to protests, there is a growing call for clearer guidelines and more robust laws to manage disruptive demonstrations.

At the same time, it is crucial to ensure that any new regulations do not infringe on the fundamental right to protest. Striking the right balance will require careful consideration by policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and civil society groups.

Looking Ahead

As protests continue to shape the political landscape in the UK, the focus will be on how the government, police, and the public respond to these evolving challenges. The Policy Exchange report provides a starting point for a broader discussion on the future of protest policing in London and the rest of the country.

With protests showing no signs of abating, the pressure is on for all stakeholders to find a solution that respects democratic freedoms while ensuring public safety and minimizing disruption to daily life. The coming months will likely see further debate on this issue, as policymakers seek to navigate the complexities of maintaining order in a democracy.

Vice President Kamala Harris has been moving quickly in the political.

Vice President Kamala Harris has been moving quickly in the political arena since becoming the Democratic Party’s presidential nominee in the 2024 election. While campaigning for the top post, she has released a detailed policy platform that provides insight into what a Harris-led administration will prioritize. From economic reforms to foreign policy, here’s how Kamala Harris stands on 10 key issues facing the United States today.

Economic policy
As vice president under Joe Biden, Kamala Harris played a key role in passing important economic legislation, often referred to as “Bidenomics.” This included substantial investments in infrastructure, clean energy, and social safety nets. Economic growth has been strong, but inflation and high interest rates have continued to hit American families.

During the campaign, Harris has outlined a comprehensive economic plan focused on lowering the cost of living for middle-class Americans. She has promised measures such as mortgage assistance for first-time homebuyers, tax credits for parents of newborns, and cracking down on price gouging at grocery stores.

Harris has often said that her goal is to “create an opportunity economy where everyone has a chance to compete and succeed.” Her goal is to strengthen the middle class by supporting small businesses, investing in job training programs, and ensuring access to affordable healthcare and education.

Immigration
Kamala Harris’s stance on immigration has evolved over time. In her current campaign, she has taken a more liberal approach than her earlier positions. Harris has shown her support for a strict bipartisan border security deal that includes funding for border wall construction, fast-tracking asylum case decisions, and expanded powers to deport migrants. However, this proposal was stalled in Congress.

Harris aims to revive this border security bill and get it into law. While she emphasizes the need for consequences for illegal border crossings, she also supports policies that address the root causes of migration from Central America. As vice president, she helped secure $3 billion in private investment for regional development in hopes of reducing migration by improving living conditions in these countries.

Abortion rights
Kamala Harris has been a steadfast supporter of women’s reproductive rights throughout her career. She has made abortion rights a central focus of her campaign, pledging to sign legislation ensuring reproductive rights across the country if elected president.

Harris has repeatedly said she would never allow a national abortion ban to become law. Following the US Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade in 2022, Harris has toured the country to rally against state-level abortion restrictions, framing the issue as one of personal liberty and women’s rights. She was also the first vice president to visit an abortion clinic, underscoring her commitment to the cause.

Foreign Policy: NATO and Ukraine
Although her early career focused primarily on domestic issues, Harris has become increasingly involved in foreign policy. She has met with more than 150 world leaders and visited 21 countries as vice president. Harris has been a vocal supporter of NATO and a staunch critic of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Harris has pledged to support Ukraine “for as long as it takes” and has represented the US at international forums such as Kyiv’s “peace conference” in Switzerland. She also highlighted her role in warning Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky about Russia’s invasion plans and mobilizing a global response to the conflict.

Looking ahead, Harris has emphasized that the US must lead the global stage in ensuring that “America – not China – wins the 21st century competition.”

Israel and the Gaza Conflict
Harris has long supported a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and called for an end to the ongoing violence in Gaza. She has advocated for the release of hostages, an end to the suffering in Gaza, and recognition of the Palestinian people’s right to dignity, security, freedom, and self-determination.

During her campaign, she has also emphasized Israel’s right to defend itself, calling for an “immediate ceasefire” and expressing concern about the humanitarian crisis for Palestinians. Harris has held “open and constructive” talks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, urging an end to the conflict. She has not supported calls for an arms embargo on Israel, but has maintained her stance on a balanced approach to peace.

Tax Policy
Harris has a history of supporting progressive tax policies. As a senator in 2017, he voted in a vote with Bernie Sanders to expand Social Security by raising taxes on investments.

Climate change is a global challenge, and its effects are increasingly

Climate change is a global challenge, and its effects are increasingly visible in the form of extreme weather events. One of the most significant effects of climate change is on hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones. These powerful storms, collectively known as tropical cyclones, have always been part of our planet’s weather system. However, recent data shows that climate change is making these storms more intense and destructive.

Understanding Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones
Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones are different names for the same natural phenomenon: a tropical cyclone. The name depends on where the storm occurs. In the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, they are called hurricanes. In the northwestern Pacific, they are called typhoons, and in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, they are known as cyclones. These storms are characterized by extremely high wind speeds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges that can cause significant flooding and widespread damage.

Tropical cyclones develop over warm ocean waters when the right atmospheric conditions are present. The warm water acts as fuel for the hurricane, providing the heat and moisture it needs to grow and strengthen. As the storm grows, it begins to spin, creating a powerful vortex of wind and rain that can extend for hundreds of miles. These storms can vary in intensity, with the most severe storms reaching wind speeds of over 150 mph (240 km/h).

Are hurricanes getting worse?

Over the past few decades, the intensity of tropical cyclones has increased significantly. While the total number of tropical cyclones globally has not increased significantly, there is evidence that a greater proportion of these are reaching category three or above, meaning they are becoming more powerful. For example, a category three hurricane has wind speeds of at least 111 mph (178 km/h), capable of causing catastrophic damage.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there is “moderate confidence” that the amount of rainfall associated with tropical cyclones has increased. There has also been an increase in the frequency of “rapid intensification events.” This occurs when a tropical cyclone’s wind speed increases very quickly, making them particularly dangerous because they can strengthen suddenly, leaving little time for preparation and evacuation.

In addition, tropical cyclones appear to move more slowly across the Earth’s surface. This slower motion can cause rainfall to last longer in a specific area, increasing the risk of flooding. For example, in 2017 Hurricane Harvey stalled over Houston, Texas, dumping nearly 40 inches (100 cm) of rain in just three days and causing catastrophic flooding.

How climate change affects hurricanes
Understanding the relationship between climate change and hurricanes involves looking at the many factors that influence the formation and strength of these storms. Here are some of the most important ways climate change is affecting hurricanes:

Warmer ocean waters: The most direct effect of climate change is affecting hurricanes by increasing ocean temperatures. Warmer water provides more energy to storms, making them more powerful. This can increase wind speeds and make storms more intense. For example, higher sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic in recent years have contributed to predictions of “exceptional” hurricane seasons.

More moisture in the atmosphere: A warmer atmosphere can retain more moisture, which means hurricanes can produce more rain. When the storm moves over land, the increased moisture can lead to heavy rainfall and flooding. This was the case with Hurricane Harvey in 2017, where extreme rainfall became three times more likely due to climate change.

Rising sea levels: Sea levels are rising due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and the expansion of seawater as it warms. This means that storm surges associated with hurricanes are starting from a higher baseline. Higher sea levels can lead to more severe coastal flooding during hurricanes. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 is a clear example of this, where flood heights were significantly higher due to climate change-related sea-level rise.

Changes in hurricane patterns: There is evidence that the average location of tropical cyclones reaching peak intensity is shifting poleward in some regions, such as the western North Pacific. This shift may expose new areas to these powerful storms, putting communities that have never experienced such extreme weather at risk.

Slower-moving hurricanes: A decrease in the speed of tropical cyclones is another potential effect of climate change. Slower-moving storms mean more time for rain to fall on a given area, increasing the likelihood of flooding and associated damage.

Future predictions: What can we expect?
The future of hurricanes in a warming world is a complex topic, but scientists have some suggestions

Huanchaco, a coastal village in northern Peru,

Huanchaco, a coastal village in northern Peru, is known for its beautiful beaches, which are perfect for surfing. When you visit Huanchaco, you can see people riding modern surfboards in the powerful waves of the Pacific Ocean. But not far from the hustle and bustle of these surfers, there is another type of surfboard on the beach – a surfboard that has existed for thousands of years. These ancient reed crafts, called “caballitos de totora” (little reed horses), are more than just boats. They are an essential part of Peruvian history and culture, possibly making Peru one of the first places to invent surfing.

The Birth of the Caballito de Totora
The caballito de totora is a unique reed boat dating back over 3,500 years, used by ancient people living on the coast of Peru. These boats were essential to fishing, as they allowed fishermen to cut through the strong waves to reach their fishing areas and then surf back to shore with their catch. Reed boats are made from totora,

a type of reed that grows in freshwater ponds near the coast. Unlike modern surfboards, the caballito is not flat, but rather crafted from bundles of totora reeds that are tied tightly together. The boat has a narrow, upturned bow that cuts through the water and allows it to ride up and over the waves. This design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years, making the caballito a piece of living history and an enduring part of the local culture. Hawaiian heritage older than surfing? When most people think of surfing, they probably imagine the warm beaches of Hawaii, where the sport is believed to have been invented. Petroglyphs (rock carvings) in Hawaii, dating back to at least the 12th century, depict people riding waves. But the Chan Chan Museum near Huanchaco and the Larco Museum in Lima display ancient Peruvian ceramics that show people and gods surfing, fishing, and even carrying prisoners on caballitos. These artifacts date back to the first century B.C., if not earlier, suggesting that Peruvians may have been the earliest surfers in history.

The caballito de totora wasn’t just a fishing tool; it also had spiritual and cultural significance. According to Peruvian historian Enrique Amayo Zevallos, ancient Peruvians also used a similar craft called a “tupe,” made from a combination of totora reeds, bamboo, and sea lion skin. The tupe was used exclusively for surfing and ceremonial purposes, making riding the waves a sacred tradition. However, the practice ended when the Spaniards banned indigenous rituals they considered pagan.

A craft on the verge of extinction
Today, the surviving fishermen of Huanchaco still use the caballito to catch fish, but their numbers are dwindling. As the local fishing industry becomes less profitable due to competition from larger commercial boats, erosion, and pollution, many of the younger generation have turned away from fishing and turned to tourism or have left the village altogether. In the 1990s, about 200 fishermen used the caballito; today, only about 40 remain.

The turning away of the younger generation from fishing is not the only threat facing the caballito tradition. The totora reeds used to make the boats are becoming scarce. As development increases along the coast, the swamps where totora grow are being filled in to make room for hotels, restaurants, and surf shops. While some land has been set aside to grow totora, it’s not enough to meet the demand of even a few dozen fishermen. To compensate, some fishermen have begun using discarded plastic bottles and Styrofoam to fill in the empty space in the reeds. While this helps them continue their craft, it’s a far cry from the original caballito design.

Preserving Tradition: Tourism to the Rescue? The decline of traditional fishing has forced the people of Huanchaco to find new ways to keep their caballito tradition going. Some local fishermen have begun offering rides to tourists on their reed boats, turning their ancient craft into a tourist attraction. For around 50 Peruvian soles (around £10), visitors can experience a caballito ride, feeling the waves crash beneath them as they sit in the hollow part of the boat, where fish and nets are usually stored.

While these rides may not have the thrill of riding a modern surfboard, they offer tourists a unique way to connect with Huanchaco’s history. Hopefully as more tourists come to experience the caballito, the demand will help keep the tradition alive and spark renewed interest among the younger generation.

A labour of love
Making the caballito is no easy task; it requires a lot of skill and knowledge, passed down through generations. Fishermen must know how to properly grow, harvest and dry the totora reeds. They then carefully tie the reeds so that their triangular stems fit together perfectly, creating a perfect shape

James Earl Jones is a name that resonates deeply in the realms of film,

James Earl Jones is a name that resonates deeply in the realms of film, television, and theater. Known for his unmatched voice, Jones has left an indelible mark on audiences around the world, with a career spanning nearly six decades. His journey from suffering from a severe stutter as a child to becoming one of the most iconic voices in the entertainment world is nothing short of remarkable.

Early Life and Triumph Over Adversity

Born on January 17, 1931, in Mississippi, James Earl Jones faced many challenges from a young age. His father, Robert Earl Jones, left the family shortly after James was born, leaving his mother to raise him alone. James grew up in a large household, but was sent to live with his grandmother in Memphis to ease the burden.

The separation was emotionally difficult for young Jones. He remembers clinging wildly to the car as he was being taken away from his mother, which was his only way of expressing his desire to be with her. This traumatic experience deeply affected him, leaving him with a severe stuttering problem that persisted until his teen years. At one point, his speech ability was so impaired that he was only able to communicate by writing.

Ironically, this stutter became a key factor in Jones’ future success. It led him to develop a deep appreciation for the power of speech and the art of storytelling. During high school, a sympathetic teacher noticed his talent for poetry and encouraged him to read his compositions out loud. Jones found that his stutter was less severe when he spoke from memory, which boosted his confidence and inspired him to participate in debate and public speaking competitions.

A Promising Career in Acting
Jones’ passion for the performing arts continued to grow during his time at the University of Michigan. After completing his military service, he moved to New York to pursue a career in acting. He lived with his father for a while, not in search of reconciliation but simply to save money on rent. Despite his father’s discouraging advice that acting was not a stable career, Jones pursued his dreams with determination.

His career began to take shape on Broadway, where he made a name for himself in productions such as Jean Genet’s The Blacks, a groundbreaking work that used black actors in white makeup to challenge colonial stereotypes. This period was marked by significant changes in New York theater, which began to embrace a more diverse range of voices and stories.

Jones’ impressive range was evident in his repertoire. He played roles in Shakespeare plays, including Othello, King Lear, and Claudius, as well as modern works such as Eugene O’Neill’s The Iceman Cometh, John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, and an all-black production of Tennessee Williams’ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. His portrayal of the character based on boxer Jack Johnson in The Great White Hope earned him a Tony Award in 1968 and an Oscar nomination for the film adaptation, making him only the second black actor to receive such an honor.

Iconic voice

James Earl Jones’ voice became his signature character. His deep, resonant voice is perhaps best known for bringing Darth Vader to life in the original Star Wars trilogy. Despite the physical portrayal of Darth Vader being handled by Dave Prowse, Jones’ voice provided the menacing presence that defined the character. Interestingly, Jones initially refused credit for his role, seeing it as just another special effect. However, the films’ tremendous success prompted him to reconsider his stance.

Jones’ distinctive voice also became a staple of television, most notably as the voice behind CNN’s tagline, “This is CNN.” His authority and gravitas became synonymous with the network’s branding. In addition to his work in news, Jones also lent his voice to numerous other projects, including commercials, documentaries and computer games. He famously voiced Mufasa in Disney’s The Lion King, a role that introduced his iconic voice to a new generation of fans.

An illustrious career beyond the screen

Jones’ talents extended beyond his notable voice work. He appeared in numerous films, including Dr. Strangelove, Conan the Barbarian, Coming to America, Field of Dreams, Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger. Despite his success, Jones humbly described himself as a journeyman actor who took on roles for the love of acting rather than following a carefully planned career path.

He also made significant contributions to television, including playing the grown-up Alex Haley in Roots: The Next Generation and winning one of his two Emmy Awards for the lead role in Gabriel Fire. His voice made an impact in animated series such as The Simpsons, and his early appearances on Sesame Street left a lasting impression on children, who were captivated by his simple but powerful presence.